Ayuda de traducción - Aide de traduction - Assistenza di traduzione - Übersetzungsunterstützung
Last modified:
Contacts or sources of information -
Occurrence - The first outbreak of Awka wilt disease (AWD) in Nigeria was reported in 1917 in the Awka area of Eastern Region (now Anambra State) (Johnson, 1918). Further reports were made (at almost 20 year intervals) in 1938?, 1955,1978 and 1990. In 1997 a phytoplasma was detected associated with Awka or bronze leaf wilt in Nigeria by PCR (Tymon & Jones, 1997). RFLP analysis of the PCR product indicate that it is similar to the other West African coconut phytoplasmas and to isolates from Mozambique, but is distinct from the East African types. See some of the following for more detail: Tymon, Jones & Harrison, 1997 &1998; Mpunami, Tymon, Jones & Dickinson,1999.
Spread - A comprehensive survey of Awka wilt disease incidence, distribution and severity in the Mid-Western and Eastern zones of Nigeria was conducted in January 1995 (Osagie & Asemota, 1997). A total of 18,920 coconut palms were sampled in 108 locations in the nine states that make up the two zones. The disease was active to varying extents in all locations except four; the three most active foci occurred at Urhokuosa (94%), Ehor (66% incidence) in Edo State and Ihie-Aba (49% incidence) in Abia State. The four disease free locations are Awka town and Ozubulu (Anambra State), Ibusa (Delta State) and Ubiaja (Edo State). The West African Tall variety generally showed high susceptibility to the disease while the dwarf (Dwarf Green, Dwarf Red, Dwarf Yellow) varieties appeared to be slightly less susceptible. A similar survey, in progress in the Western zone of Nigeria showed 802 infected palms from 15,269 examined in Lagos State with a mean incidence of 5.3% and a range from 0.4-16.0%
Currently active areas - dates and places (seek information/confirmation)
Suspected new outbreaks - specify whether confirmed or unconfirmed (reference)
Other palm/plant hosts
New hosts, new vectors, new strains or suspected loss of resistance - confirmed or unconfirmed
Research projects -
Rehabilitation/replanting programmes -
Economic importance/threat -
This page is under continuous review. If you have an idea or an opinion to improve the contents of the page or the site, tell the editor. If you disagree with anything, say so. If you don't see or get a satisfactory response in a reasonable time contact other participants. At all time keep in contact with other individuals; this site is not a substitute for person to person contact.